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Annotated Bibliography
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Primary Research
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Phenomenology
1. Sense of Place
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- Phenomenology of Memory and Place
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Donohoe, Janet. A Phenomenology of Memory and Place, 2014. Chapter One A Phenomenology of Memory and Place.
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Summary
Janet Donohoe is talking about the relationship between tradition, memory, place, and the body.
Upon philosophers such as Husserl, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, Gadamer, and Ricoeur, Janet Donohoe argue that layers of the past are carried along as traditions through places and bodies such that we can speak of memory as being written upon place and place as written upon memory.
Donohoe theorizes how individual memories are “intersubjective and collective” and outlines a hermeneutic process that attends to the dynamic, palimpsest nature of both memory and place.
Gaston Bachelard has offered the analysis of bringing memory and place together in imagination by incorporating phenomenological and psychoanalytical methods. Also, Edward Casey, and Jeff Malpas.
Dylan Trigg has provided an incisive account in The Memory of Place that offers an illuminating insight into the manner in which memory and place penetrate each other.
Janet Donohoe, the author of the book under review here, attempts to expand and deepen our understanding of the relation between memory and place by elucidating how collective memory and tradition are place-laden not only in the places inscribed with memories of a family, community, or people but each memory is written over those that came before it without completely effacing them.
Places are thus imbued with layers of memories making places themselves multifaceted in character.
She highlights the need to think about memory in terms of human feelings. She thus examines the role that the body (Merleau-Ponty, Casey) and the homeworld (Husserl, Heidegger, Bachelard) play in constituting.
Upon to Donohoe, the memory as manifested in body memory and the homeworld can be understood properly only if one also takes place into account and recognizes that the threads of body, memory, and place are essentially ‘intertwined’. Memory must therefore not be understood as an additional subjective element that gets attached to the physical space, but memory is already imprinted on the place itself, which then, in turn, serves to transform memory.
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As Ed Casey remarks, in remembering we can be thrust back, transported, into the place we recall.
The memory in terms of time. We think of it as consumed with the past. Memory is the revitalization of some moment or moments of the past, collecting those moments into the present again.
These memory places function for the most part after the man near of reminders, offering, in turn, support for failing memory, a struggle in the way against forgetting, and even the silent plea of dead memory. These places ‘remain’ as inscriptions, monuments, potentially as documents, whereas memories transmitted only along the oral path fly away as do the words themselves.
Upon Edmund Husserl’s confrontation with issues of place and space in Crisis of the European Sciences. In that text, Husserl is careful to distinguish the place from space. Space, he thinks, has been compromised by the mathematization of the lifeworld. Husserl provides a description of the mathematization of nature that was occasioned by Galileo’s attempts to explain the natural world that exists for us all over against the relative subjective world of each person’s experience.
The recovery of the sense of place can only transpire if we take care to be attentive to conceptions of world and place and if we resist attempts to accept the mathematization of the world as self-given he understands the embodied subject to be both “inside” and “outside” of place.
The subject is not emplaced in the world in the same way a thing is. Where we might think of a thing as contained by the world in the world, a subject is not simply contained in the world. Rather, the subject constitutes the world in which it is at the same time an object. The subject takes up the world in a way that no object ever could. In other words, the subject is both of the worlds and for the world, in place and “outside” of the place in which it finds itself. by Husserl, is the lived, experienced world, what he calls the lifeworld. In order to speak of specific places, or places of memory, an understanding of places “within” the lifeworld must be accommodated. Here, body and memory become involved. The body can be understood to be both spatial and palatial for Husserl. Its spatiality is characterized by the fact that my body is the absolute here of my experience of the world.
Everything I experience arranges itself around my body and is directed to my body. The spatial body has persistent orientation in the sense of living. This presents a complicated picture of the relationship between a subjective place that is a bodily lived place, and an objective space which is also considered lived if taken up appropriately.
We can be moved back into this place as much as, and sometimes more than, in the time in which the remembered event occurred. Rather than thinking of remembering as a form of re-experiencing the past per se, we might conceive of it as an activity or re-emplacing: re-experiencing past places.
On the other hand, she mentioned the floods of memories or even glimmers of memory that we would never have been able to recall willingly. Try as we might, we may not be able to remember the name of a person from our past until confronted by a bodily mnemonic trigger: a smell, a taste, a song.
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Evaluation
The Relationship between Memory and Place appeals to common experiences of returning to places of memory and discovering that those places, as well as the memories, have changed. Such concrete examples make it possible to discover how traditions can span generations while still allowing for openness to the new and how places of memory call us to take up traditions.
While Donohoe follows a narrative account of memory, she distinguishes her own view by interpreting memory in terms of the palimpsest, emphasizing its material, collective, and different characters. It is mainly these two features, the place-leadenness of collective memory.
The result is a compelling and novel rethinking of memory and place that should make new conversations across the field of place studies.
A simple thought experiment will point out that it is impossible to remember an event from one’s own past without realizing that the event happened in a place. Experience is emplaced; memory likewise is emplaced.
These theories and philosophies will be used within my architecture work upon our habit, location, people, size, quality, exterior, and interior methods, identity, and new experiences that give us the memory of the place.
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Reflection
From the “place” and “phenomenology” definitions, the pairing of these terms is also a tacit admission that “phenomenology” as a method and “place” as a concept has the potential to encounter each other in meaning and manner.
We could begin to work through the knots that concepts create through several different angles. As some of the knots prove permanently bound, our task will be to redirect the emphasis, assessing indirect ways to chart the relation between phenomenology and place.
But the importance of place to memory is not simply that memory is emplaced. It is not just that places provide the backdrop to the action of our lives. Places are not simply settings for experiences. Instead, many places are embodied in such a way that we carry them with us.
We do not engage in deliberate attempts to remember such places, but they inhabit our memories in the way in which we move through the world, which will appear in my design ideas throw my projects to make the place an important part of our space which is determined by our habit in that space which make us feel in comfortable space ours let us say feel that our space though put the humane size, human sense and human dimensions is the most important things that I will work on it in my projects.
- Embodied Experience
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Mark Johnson, The Embodied Meaning of Mind in ArchitectureNeu,2015, Chapter two of The “Embodied Meaning of Architecture” In Mind in Architecture: Neurosciences Embodiment, and the Future of Design,edited by Sararh Robinson and Juhaina Pallasms, 33-50. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2015.
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Summary
Mark Johnson exploring of the nature of human meaning through exploring of deepest sources of human understanding, where it comes from, and how it is made, which lie in feelings, emotions, qualities, and patterns of bodily perception and motion.
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Johnson left a lot of contemporary philosophy of language and mind which shows how meaning is possible for embodied human minds. He uses the results from childhood psychology to reveal how the body generates meaning even before self-consciousness has fully developed.After that explore how the feelings and memories are rooted in our body encounters with the surrounding space and yet provide the basis for all our greatest of thoughts.
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Mark Johnson's in this chapter he is understanding that philosophy will matter most of the people such as the architects and designers not just for philosophers only because it is connecting directly with our space and most of the needs of the world.
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Understanding the object as part of its function so that we can follow the reason for the meaning of the design which includes people's needs and meaningful for a memorable experience.
The importance of our bodies in everything we experience, mean, think, say, value, and do. It proposes an embodied conception of mind and then shows how meaning and thought are profoundly shaped and constituted by the nature of our bodily perception, action, and feeling.
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Our body engaging the world throughout the mind, cultures, and memories that we have. How the building connects with us through the sense and telling us the physical meaning behind the architecture.
Upon the term of art, the author explained to us that all of these types of meaning-making are aesthetic. therefore, the arts are the culmination of human attempts to find meaning, and studying the sides of the beautiful things from our experience is crucial.
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Johnson appropriates to sketch the results of the philosophy of mind, reason, and language, scientific research, to sum up, that we will not understand any of the issues that are so dear to philosophy until we have a deep and detailed understanding of how our embodiment gives rise to experience, meaning, and thoughts.
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Evaluation
We are interacting with environments that are which are physical and cultural. The structures also adapted to the functions we perform. Some of these functions are necessary for our survival, for instance working, eating, having shelter, playing, and sleeping. However, we also arrange our environments to enhance the meaning of our lives and to open up the probability for deepened and enriched experiences.
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The word "embody" has two key meanings: it is including something as a constituent feature, and to represent an idea or quality in visible form. some of the architects they regard embodied energy in the former meaning without much consideration for its expressive in the buildings.
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That all the memory generates our mind through space and physical sense and listing to the feelings of our surrounding space such as walls, doors, furniture.... etc.
we are understanding our space from our childhood experience and also, we are thinking.
Another meaning coming from our community and our relationship with so that we can making it more valuable, the meaning is the relation.
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The view of mind, meaning, thought, and language that was anticipated, in part, the focus on constructing a positive account of human meaning-making and understanding that draws on the cognitive science of the embodied mind.
Reflection
From the “Embodied meaning of architecture”, the pairing these terms is also a tacit admission that the main idea of the architecture, leading thinkers from architecture and other disciplines, cognitive science, psychiatry, and philosophy.
They offer historical context, examine the implications for current architectural practice and education, and imagine a neuroscientific ally informed architecture of the future which is the potential to encounter each other in meaning and thoughts.
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- Atmospheres
Pallasmaa, Juhani, “Space, place, and atmosphere: peripheral perception in existential experience,”
in Architectural Atmospheres: On the Experience and Politics of Architecture, edited by by Christian
Borch and Gernot Bohme, (Basel: Birkhauser, 2014), 19-39.
Summary
Juhani Pallasmaa mentioned that the studies refer to that the atmospheres are perceived through the right hemisphere. Another thing from our real-life that another art except for architecture more objectives such as painting, cinema, theater, and music, which is traditionally the point of view and perceived primarily through focused vision.
Architectural experiences are essentially multi-sensory and simultaneous grasped as a one-part or feeling.
Sometimes we grasp an atmosphere before we have consciously identified its constituent factors and ingredients and another time we perceive the surrounding area through our emotional sensibility.
A form of perception that works incredibly quickly, and which we humans evidently need to help us to survive.
Juhani explain that we are in general affected by the exist projects before we understand what behind that design for this project, or we may not understand them at all. for instance, the architects intuit the emotive qualities of spaces and places, which is make specific sort of thinking way, places are perceived peripherally through diffuse vision interacting with other sense modalities, and they are experienced emotionally rather than intellectually.
The main reasons for the poor of the contemporary situation could be in the poverty of their understanding of them surrounding environment and space.
The first thing happens when we see a thing in focus, we are outsiders to it, whereas the experience of being in space calls for peripheral and unfocused perception.
Evaluation
Juhani Pallasmaa’s theory of more than five senses, the building is seen through notions of space, context, and diffusion, rather than the focus on its general construction. However, its status is a meaning that we have “humanized” the building.
The architectural theorizing and education, which is focused on space, scale, and detail, the two years ago the Juhani has an experiential view began to replace the formal understanding of the art.
Juhani's interest in the mood of settings has arisen in a business school that is unexpected that leads her to confirm her assumption in production and business which leads to an understanding of human behavior.
Which is making her think about the role of the atmosphere in architecture and fusing the space and place and the importance of architectural atmospheres.
This important sense beyond the five Aristotelian senses, such as the senses of gravity, balance, and motion such as the judgment of the sort of the space calls upon our entire embodied and existential sense and observation and the atmosphere activities and guides us to the imagination. Also, there are interpersonal atmospheres, cultural, social, family, and workplace.
Reflection
The real experience of architectural reality depends fundamentally on peripheral and anticipated vision; the mere experience of interiority implies peripheral perception and the historical development of the representational techniques depicting space and form is closely tied to the development of architecture itself.
Our image of the world is held together by constant scanning by the senses, movement, and a creative fusion and interpretation.
On the other hand, the perspectival understanding of space gave rise to an architecture of our vision in each project we are working on it, and perspectival space leaves us as outside observers such as multi-perspectival and atmospheric space.
So, I will work on that in my design ideas throughout my projects to make the meaning of creative work to engage with the corporeal, existential, and atmospheric experience, rather than with an external logical problem.
We would do better if they were less concerned with the photogenic qualities of their works. As neurological understanding suggests, the meaning is always contextually grounded.
The urgent call for an ecologically sustainable architecture also suggests a non-autonomous, fragile, and collaborative architecture adapted to the precise conditions of topography, soil, climate, vegetation, as well as other conditions of the region and site. The potentials of atmosphere, weak gestalt, and adaptive fragility will undoubtedly be explored in the near future in the search for architecture.
Our capacity to grasp qualitative atmospheric entities of complex environmental situations, without a detailed recording and evaluation of their parts and ingredients, could well be named our sixth sense that will acknowledge the conditions and principles of the ecological reality as well as of our own bio-historical natured become more interested in atmospheres than in individually forms that will most likely teach us about the secret power of architecture and how it can influence entire societies, but, at the same time, enable us to define our own individual existential foothold.
- Simultaneous Perception
Hiss, Tony. The Experience of Place: Simultaneous perception and connectedness. New York: Vintage Books, 1991.
Tony Hiss was a staff writer at the New Yorker. Tony has described how the people are so used to experience the spaces around them which have now become ordinary. But the thing is we just must change our perception and ignore the continuity of the regular experience. How the grandeur of a large space affects circulation and how materials behave and affect sound or lighting. These experiences are within our control if we change the perception of experiencing it and can gain an extraordinary experience out of it. He has described the experiences and sense of heightened awareness that we can get when we moved from place to another place.
On the other hand, the architectural form, materials and all the details matter and can develop a varied experience around. We can introduce minute changes in the everyday environment to improve our quality of living.
Hiss explained that the effect of certain types of stimuli on the body and mind also explores design suggestions to encourage simultaneous perception, like Olmstead’s rules for park design.
Also, a small journey can help us to move out of our comfort zone and deal out new situations, along with an enhanced sense of perception.
The author was trying to support the people to get more experience from the mundane and to see and feel things differently by a slight change in our space.
There are aspects like materials or even small details of the fabric that we are unaware of, which if we are not there could have generated a different experience. We must be more focused on the places where we spend most of our time i.e. home, offices, trains, and parks which are affecting us directly and
sometimes indirectly. Which can help a lot in the project design architecture
and increasing the quality of life. I learned from Tony how we heightened awareness to help people
understand each other, so I appreciate that Hiss connects simultaneous perception to greater connectedness.
For instance, he describes how such places require a sense of calm, security, and a lack of distractions.
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- Empathic Design
Zumthor, Peter. Peter Zumthor: Thinking Architecture. Baden, Switzerland: Lars Muller, 1998.
Peter Zumthor is a Swiss architect whose work is frequently described as uncompromising and minimalist. Though managing a relatively small firm, he is the winner of 2009. Peter Zumthor speaks to our feelings in so many ways . The buildings have beautiful silence, presence, rigidity, and warmth that make the building being a building, not representing anything, just being. Human emotions are an important part of his design which can be triggered through presence, absence, or simply through an act of remembering and observing. There are inside and outside elements, distance, closeness, forms that catch our attention, or modify the landscape, there is a back and front. He explains that the senses of materials are beyond all rules of composition, and their tangibility, smell, and acoustic qualities are merely elements of the language we are obliged to use. The building, city, or house are consciously placed and create a place. All these form the environment. That gave me inspiration on how the materials make the observations based on personal experiences and the cultural and are care full about the details to create a spatial experience in my project and we must specific meaning of materials in the building in a way that cannot be found in any other buildings. This is what makes its perfect and nice design.
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2. Efficient Design
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Re-presentation
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Harries, Karsten. “Representation and Re-presentation in Architecture.” In The Ethical Function of
Harries, Karesten.” Representation and Re_presentation in Architecture “In The Ethical Function Of The Architecture, Cambridge, MA :The MIT Press,118-133.
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Summary
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Harries mentioned that representation is the use of signs that stand in for and take the place of something else.
It is through representation that people organize the world and reality through the act of naming its elements. Signs are arranged in order to form semantic constructions and express relations. The architectural representation uses various means developed in other sorts, in selective ways, in response according to architectural criteria.
The building takes a long time to understand that doubly representational architecture is not limited to medieval architecture.
Power lifts the architecture beyond the building of representation which represents at the same time an ideal building by reason and nature.
The authority of reason and nature clearly owed all too much to the culture belonged.
The author treats the topic of representation of architecture works without putting aside our direct experience with edifices.
The main ideal building in timeless platonic heaven changes the hope and expectation for example representation of the photograph is the representation of the original elements.
Developed a system of symbols that architecture could presuppose and don't have event talk of the language of things, voice of space and time.
The reality itself is mute and meaningless means nihilism which in some the sense and our architectural inheritance can teach us both books of nature.
Evaluation
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The architecture is a building that speaks to us of its essence by noticing the natural elements of the building.
Representational not represent material identity it means translation not into a different environment but into a different medium. The symbolic art of the middle age has lost its foundation.
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Representation is the use of signs that stand in for and take the place of something else. It is through representation that people organize the world and reality through the act of naming its elements. Signs are arranged in order to form semantic constructions and express relations. So, the importance of representation lies in its ability to communicate experiences before a building is materialized.
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Reflection
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People understand the symbolic meaning of the reuse of different types of things.
To make sense of anything such as medical interpretation of the spiritual significance of things this symbol system is based on the authority of particular text that takes no longer of our life and death.
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The architecture helps to re-present the meaning of our daily life. Architecture representation of the architecture of the past has an archaeological function Arce -texture. The first objective of this theoretical article is to define the inherent and unavoidable factors that are present in the creation and interpretation of all architectural representations, regardless of the technical means used. Any representation conveys two processes:
The representation of experience (a creative process), and the experience of representation (an interpretive process).
Furthermore, there exist two layers in any representation: the what (the architectural object) and the how
(the representational medium). The second objective is to suggest alternatives to visual realism, in order to create representations that embody the particular phenomena that an architectural work will be able to produce.
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On the one hand, representations that pretend to copy reality produce in the observer's detailed visual experiences; on the other hand, certain representations reflect the experiences themselves after they have been produced; they represent buildings as they are transformed by the experience. The focuses on those representations that are not only the reflection of an object but also the reflection of our way of experiencing it which must appear in our architecture projects.
3. Sustainability
( LEED reduces hydrocarbons -Zero net energy)
Green construction or sustainable building is the structure and the application of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life cycle: from planning to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition.
Sustainable energy is meeting the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations and their needs.
Sometimes the green buildings do not put the issue of retrofitting existing homes, others do, through public schemes for energy-efficient refurbishment. Also, it can easily be applied to retrofit such
as new building construction.
Energy LEED reduces hydrocarbons
The green construction or sustainable building is the structure and the application of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout all stages of building's life cycle:
That requires helping between the contractor, the architects engineering, and the client for all project phases.
The Green Building practice interest not just building design but also concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort.
The green buildings which were developed by the U.S Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is
a set of rating systems for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance Green Building Council. Another certificate system that confirms the sustainability of buildings is the British BREEAM (Building Research
Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) for buildings and large-scale developments.
Currently, World Green Building Council is conducting research on the effects of green buildings on the health and productivity of their users and is working with World Bank to promote Green Buildings in Emerging Markets
through EDGE (Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies) Market
Transformation Program and certification.
There are also other tools such as Green Star in Australia and the Green Building Index (GBI) predominantly used in Malaysia.
Building information modeling (BIM) is a process involving the generation and management of digital representations of physical and functional characteristics of places. Which are files which can be networked to support decision-making regarding a building or other things related to it?
Which is used by individuals, businesses, and government agencies who plan, design, construct and operate and maintain diverse physical
infrastructures?
Barnett, Dianna Lopez, and William D. Browning. A Primer on Sustainable Building. Rocky Mountain Institute, 1995.
Introduces the concept of sustainable design, though of the designing physical objects, the built environment, and services to comply with the principles of ecological sustainability, and general guidelines for its application, such as optimize site potential, minimize non-renewable energy consumption, protect and conserve water, and optimize
operational and maintenance practices.
Deals with site development, from development, covers a range of activities that are defined by the design of a project. transportation issues, building configuration, alternative energy systems, water conservation, and building materials Includes an extensive listing of other publications, non-profit groups, and journals that deal with
sustainable design issues. Geared primarily toward home-owners, but principles are
applicable to commercial construction as well.
Sustainable Development Goals and Evaluation. The relevance of this source to my research initiative and literature review of my thesis works and projects can use it to generate evidence on what works and to assess progress in the implementation. The evidence generated through evaluation can contribute to strategies to operationalize the SDGs and to inform management decisions architectural such as reduce non-renewable
energy resources, protect and conserve water as much as possible.
A clear explanation is provided for sustainable design. The text identifies the roles of sustainable design. Because the author does such a thorough that make of connecting the development and design of green buildings. This work is seminal to understanding the most important principles of environmental design, which will give me more inspiration about sustainable design issues such as alternative energy systems, water conservation, and building materials which are important solutions for my thesis.
4. Architectural Design Strategies
Brown, G. Z. Sun, Wind, and Light: Architectural Design Strategies. New York: Wiley, 1985.
The author is a practicing architect who has applied sustainable design concepts throughout his career. He argues for the necessity of sustainable design, through seeks to reduce negative impacts on the environment, and the health and comfort of building occupants, thereby improving building performance. The basic objectives of
sustainability are to reduce the consumption of non-renewable resources, minimize waste, and create healthy, productive environments. Discusses the strategies and leads the reader through the process. Eleven case studies of his buildings are included; addressed are the interior as well as exterior issues and the need for integration of technology and aesthetics. The economics of design choices, at the micro and macro levels, are examined. The book includes a reference section for design issues and suggestions for improving sustainability. While written for architects and architecture students, the information is presented in a format that is accessible to the general reader.
The ways of reducing the use of non-renewable materials in construction which is the relevance of this source to the research initiative and literature review of the thesis my works and projects through three principal strategies that are available for reducing the future use of non-renewable materials, whether mineral or organic in origin, namely more efficient use, the substitution of alternatives, and recycling. Which will be very important
resources of energy for future generations.
The results show that new digital tools and technologies have introduced new tools to architects that smooth their design process and allow them to think of different complex forms modeling, their environmental optimization, and even their fabrication after the design process, which will give me more inspiration for my thesis by reducing the
negative impacts on the environment, and the health and comfort of building occupants, thereby improving building performance and integration of technology and functional building elements.
5.Ecology
Ecology or ECO -System is the foundation study for sustainability which leads us to design decisions. Ecofriendly buildings are the sustainably designed buildings that cost less to operate and have excellent energy performance. In addition, occupants were overall more satisfied with the building than traditional and commercial buildings. NUTRIENT CYCLES The key is that everything exists within one of two nutrient cycles—biological or technical. Once we treat things as nutrients.
Crowther, Richard L. Ecologic Architecture. Boston: Butterworth Architecture, 1992.
Introduces the concept of solar power is energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy. Solar technologies can harness this energy for a variety of uses, including generating electricity, providing light or a comfortable interior environment, and commercial, or industrial use. The ways to Harvest Solar Energy Solar radiant heat is easily captured by simple glass greenhouses, and through residential windows. "Concentrated" solar energy uses huge arrays of mirrors to focus sunlight on a central tower, which heats water to generate steam that can be used to generate electricity.
The solar power which can be used to a variety of solar power uses. The United Nations estimates that in many climates, residential solar thermal systems can supply 50 to 75 percent of a household's hot water needs. Small stand-alone PV units can power roadside warning signs or even landscape lighting and residential solar power arrays typically connect to the grid as a backup. That relevance of the source to my research initiative and literature review of the thesis my works and projects, it is giving me inspiration about how we could make the solar energy uses huge arrays of mirrors to focus sunlight on a central tower that will be provide us with major source of the solar energy solution.
Clear explanation is provided for the solar power. The text identifies how from solar power and how we can have the benefit of allowing the owner to sell excess power, depending on local power provider regulations. Which are very important incomes by the time, that will be give me more information for my thesis about how we generating electricity and use it in the sustainable ways.
Gordon, David. Green Cities: Ecologically Sound Approaches to Urban Space.Black Rose Books, 1990.
A compilation of essays examining international approaches to urban design which is the process of designing and shaping the physical features of cities, towns and villages and planning for the provision of municipal services to residents and visitors and the assumptions upon which these paradigms are based and the concept of the dependent city, the modification of macro- and microclimates that result from development, and more. Provides both introductory and intermediate levels of information. Includes listings of selected horticultural services and suppliers, organizations and demonstration projects.
The relevance of the source to my research initiative and literature review of the thesis my works and projects throughout the important of Urban design and making connections between people and places, movement and urban form, nature and the built materials, and the ways of combining together with many strands of place-making, environmental stewardship, social equity and economic viability into the creation of places with distinct beauty and identity.
Utilizing the resources through urban planning, the city would have a strategy to develop its economy as well as livability conditions. That will be give me more information for my thesis not only the expansion of residential areas, but urban planning also ensures good transportation and health care solutions.
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6. Technology and Culture
The technological tools are constantly being developed to complement current practices in creating greener structures, the main goals of the green and technology buildings are to reduce the overall impact of the
built environment on people's health and the natural surroundings of the context throughout efficiently using and regenerating the endless natural energy resources such as water, sun, and wind.
Platt, Harold L., and Anne Spirn. “The Granite Garden: Urban Nature and Human Design.” In Technology and Culture, 27-2. 1986, p. 332.
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Urban planning is a technical process concerned with the development and design of land use and the built environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation, communications, and distribution networks.
Successful cities, ancient and modern, have developed by heeding their natural geography and evolving over time. These communities offer humane, sustainable lifestyles that allow their inhabitants to remain in contact with nature. Utopian, “planned” communities are unable to accomplish this level of comfort because the design process doesn’t allow for this critical evolution. The traditional planning processes itself, with its emphasis on the physical manipulation of the landscape, create a variety of environmental and socio-economic problems.
Urban planning is a valuable force for city leaders to achieve sustainable development.
The relevance of the source to my research initiative and literature review of the thesis my works and projects the ways to bring about a difference and planning that will help me in my thesis to make the most out of the budgets by informing infrastructure and services investments, balancing demands for growth with the need to protect the environment.
Urban planning will be giving me more information for my thesis about the important ways to achieve sustainable architecture design in the future from the present resources and the successful cities, ancient and modern, have developed by heeding their natural resources.
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7. Economy
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Schumacher, E. F. Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered. Harper & Row, 1973.
A critique of classic economic theory, which emphasized growth at all environmental costs.
Schumacher, an economist himself, challenges Western man’s attitude toward nature and the “illusion” of technology. The focus is on the inherent contradiction in the assumption of endless economic growth and the reality of finite resources. The book addresses the dangers of encouraging developing countries to mode their economic/industrial ways on the Western for example. No background in architecture or economics.
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The relevance of the source to my research initiative and literature review of the thesis my works and projects
that the architecture doesn't exist outside of the economy and in fact, how we build each building directly affects the economy of our cities. As a profession, architecture acts as the mediator between different specialties, and it is very important to work on the resources of each of them.
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That will give me more information for my thesis about how architecture and landscape played an important role in the economic development of the city. Moreover, it is not only attracting the local people living there but also those who are visiting the city.
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Additional Research
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1. Organic (Biomimicry architecture)
The Natural Building definition is usually on a smaller scale and tends to focus on the use of natural materials that are available locally biomimicry in architecture and manufacturing is the practice of designing buildings and products that simulate or co-opt processes that occur in nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems, as we know the human part from the mother nature. The Natural Building definition is usually on a smaller scale and tends to focus on the use of natural materials that are available locally.
2. Timeless
Static and Dynamic Building Wind Loads. While static loads on a building are defined as being independent of time and therefore constant for a long time which makes the building lifetime for a long period and timeless architecture is often considered to be something that has been designed in such an intentionally reduced manner to endure time.
3. Aerodynamic building wind energy turbines (Aerodynamics)
Aerodynamics, from (air) +(dynamics), is the study of the motion of air, particularly as interaction with a solid object, such as an airplane wing.
It is a sub-field of fluid dynamics and gas dynamics and many aspects of aerodynamics theory are common to these fields.
The term aerodynamics is often used synonymously with gas dynamics, the difference being that "gas dynamics" applies to the study of the motion of all gases and is not limited to air.
The use of aerodynamics through mathematical analysis, empirical approximations, wind tunnel experimentation, and computer simulations has formed a rational basis for the development of heavier-than-air
flight and a few other technologies. Recent work in aerodynamics has focused on issues related to compressible flow, turbulence, and boundary layers and has become increasingly computational in nature. Vortices are one of the many phenomena associated with the study of aerodynamics. A vortex is created by the passage of an aircraft wing, revealed by smoke. Static and Dynamic Building Wind Loads While static loads on a building are defined as being independent of time and therefore constant such as the force of gravity or the weight of the structure
itself, dynamic loads are time-dependent where the load force can be accelerating or de-accelerating. Earthquakes, snow loads, and wind loads are all classified as dynamic. Static loads play less of a role in the aerodynamics of a building as they only have fixed solutions. Dynamic loads, such as wind loads, are more complex as they can have a multitude of solutions and consequences to the aerodynamics of a building. In the design phase, evaluating the vortex shedding caused by wind loads on buildings is necessary for determining their
potential for inducing oscillating crosswind forces with a certain frequency.
If this frequency coincides with the natural frequency of the structure, resonance may occur, leading to damage or failure of the structure
4. Aqua + dynamic
The shape that reduces drag when moving through water.
Origin.
Keywords: celestial mechanics – planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability – planets and satellites.
5. (Wellness) Healthy building (WB)
The wellness buildings concept is protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity by Reducing waste, pollution, and environmental degradation. Buildings can be key promoters of health and well-being since most people spend the majority of their time indoors.
A healthy building is an emerging criterion of interest that supports the physical, psychological, and social health and well-being of people in buildings and the built environment. WELL and Healthy Building Certification Building that is WELL or RESET Certified provides strategic benefits for owner-occupiers, developers, and occupants of many building types. The quality of the air we breathe is a significant determinant of short-term and long-term health outcomes. More energy efficiency in buildings, therefore, must be supported by an equal quest for better health in indoor environments so social inequalities are not increased. Measures must be taken to assure the full health benefits can be achieved and will reach those in need. There are significantly more environmentally sustainable building materials than cement, and part of our mission is to put the developing world
on a more sustainable development path than one relying on concrete, for example, the concrete production is responsible for 5% of total global carbon emissions and is incredibly energy-intensive to produce. Earthen floors have 90% less embedded energy and are structurally strong, waterproof, and abrasion-resistant.
Utilizing natural materials and green building techniques allows us to minimize our carbon footprint. On the other hand, when we saw how that is important, especially for the Corvid -19 situation it showed us how much
the wellness buildings WB are very important elements for the healing requirements that well have the main effect on the person and on nature.
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